Equation for Watershed Area about Specific Yield and Water Level Fluctuation Calculator

Watershed Area Equation:

\[ A = \frac{R_G - D_G - B + I_s + I}{S_Y \times h} \]

Gross Recharge due to Rainfall (R_G):

m³/s

Gross Water Draft (D_G):

m³/s

Base Flow into the Stream from the Area (B):

m³/s

Recharge of Ground Water Body (I_s):

m³/s

Net Ground Water Flowing Outside Catchment (I):

m³/s

Specific Yield (S_Y):

unitless

Water Level Fluctuation (h):

Watershed Area (A):

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1. What is the Watershed Area Equation?

The Watershed Area Equation calculates the area of a watershed based on hydrological parameters including recharge, draft, base flow, groundwater interactions, specific yield, and water level fluctuations. It provides a comprehensive assessment of watershed characteristics for water resource management.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Watershed Area equation:

\[ A = \frac{R_G - D_G - B + I_s + I}{S_Y \times h} \]

Where:

\( A \) — Watershed Area (m²)
\( R_G \) — Gross Recharge due to Rainfall (m³/s)
\( D_G \) — Gross Water Draft (m³/s)
\( B \) — Base Flow into the Stream from the Area (m³/s)
\( I_s \) — Recharge of Ground Water Body (m³/s)
\( I \) — Net Ground Water Flowing Outside Catchment (m³/s)
\( S_Y \) — Specific Yield (unitless)
\( h \) — Water Level Fluctuation (m)

Explanation: The equation accounts for the water balance in a watershed, considering both surface and groundwater interactions to determine the total area contributing to the hydrological system.

3. Importance of Watershed Area Calculation

Details: Accurate watershed area calculation is crucial for water resource management, flood prediction, environmental planning, and sustainable development of water infrastructure projects.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all parameters in their respective units. Ensure Specific Yield and Water Level Fluctuation are positive values greater than zero to avoid division errors.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is Specific Yield?
A: Specific Yield refers to the volume of water that a saturated rock or soil will yield due to gravity drainage to the total volume of the rock or soil.

Q2: How is Water Level Fluctuation measured?
A: Water Level Fluctuation refers to the irregular rising and falling in number or amount of water during monsoon season, typically measured in meters.

Q3: What constitutes a valid watershed area calculation?
A: The calculation requires accurate measurement of all hydrological parameters and assumes steady-state conditions for groundwater flow.

Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The equation assumes homogeneous aquifer properties and may be less accurate in complex geological settings or during extreme hydrological events.

Q5: How often should watershed area calculations be updated?
A: Calculations should be updated periodically, especially after significant land use changes, climate variations, or new hydrological data becomes available.