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Khosla's Formula:
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Khosla's formula calculates the mean temperature in an entire catchment area based on rainfall depth and runoff depth. This relationship helps in understanding the thermal characteristics of watersheds and their impact on hydrological processes.
The calculator uses Khosla's formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula establishes a linear relationship between the difference in rainfall and runoff depths and the resulting mean temperature in the catchment area.
Details: Accurate temperature estimation is crucial for understanding evapotranspiration rates, snowmelt patterns, and overall hydrological balance in catchment areas. It helps in water resource management and climate studies.
Tips: Enter rainfall depth and runoff depth in centimeters. Both values must be non-negative numbers. The calculator will compute the mean temperature in Fahrenheit.
Q1: What is the significance of the constant 3.74 in the formula?
A: The constant 3.74 represents the conversion factor that relates the difference between rainfall and runoff to temperature in Fahrenheit scale.
Q2: Why is 32 added in the formula?
A: The addition of 32 accounts for the freezing point offset in the Fahrenheit temperature scale, ensuring proper temperature conversion.
Q3: What are typical temperature ranges calculated using this formula?
A: Temperature results vary based on rainfall-runoff differences, but typically range from freezing temperatures to moderate warm temperatures depending on the catchment characteristics.
Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula provides an estimate and may not account for all local factors affecting temperature, such as elevation, vegetation cover, or microclimatic conditions.
Q5: Can this formula be used for all types of catchments?
A: While generally applicable, the formula's accuracy may vary for different geographical regions and should be validated with local temperature measurements.