1. What is Net Groundwater Outflow?

Net Groundwater Outflow is a steady-state groundwater flow through aquifers that represents the volume of groundwater leaving a catchment area outside its boundaries.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( I \) — Net Ground Water Flowing Outside Catchment (Cubic Meter per Second)
• \( QV \) — Runoff Volume (Cubic Meter)
• \( Sr \) — Surface Runoff (Cubic Meter per Second)

Explanation: This formula calculates the net groundwater outflow by subtracting the surface runoff from the total runoff volume.

3. Importance of Groundwater Outflow Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of groundwater outflow is crucial for water resource management, hydrological studies, and understanding the water balance in catchment areas.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter runoff volume in cubic meters and surface runoff in cubic meters per second. Both values must be non-negative.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between runoff volume and surface runoff?
A: Runoff volume represents the total water flow, while surface runoff specifically refers to water flowing over the land surface.

Q2: Why is groundwater outflow important in hydrology?
A: It helps in understanding the movement of water through aquifers and its contribution to the overall water cycle.

Q3: Can this calculator be used for large catchment areas?
A: Yes, the formula applies to catchment areas of various sizes, provided the input values are accurately measured.

Q4: What units should be used for input values?
A: Runoff volume should be in cubic meters, and surface runoff should be in cubic meters per second.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The accuracy depends on the precision of the input measurements. For highly accurate results, use measured data from reliable sources.