1. What is Peak Discharge Calculation?

Peak Discharge calculation estimates the maximum volume flow rate passing a particular location during a rainfall event. It's essential for designing drainage systems, flood control structures, and water resource management.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Rational Formula:

Where:

• \( Qp \) — Peak Discharge (m³/s)
• \( Cr \) — Runoff Coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( itcp \) — Mean Intensity of Precipitation (m/s)
• \( A \) — Drainage Area (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the maximum flow rate by considering rainfall intensity, surface runoff characteristics, and the size of the drainage area.

3. Importance of Peak Discharge Calculation

Details: Accurate peak discharge estimation is crucial for designing adequate drainage systems, preventing flooding, and ensuring proper water management in urban and rural areas.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter runoff coefficient (0-1), mean intensity of precipitation in m/s, and drainage area in m². All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the Runoff Coefficient?
A: The runoff coefficient represents the fraction of rainfall that becomes surface runoff rather than being absorbed into the ground.

Q2: How is Mean Intensity of Precipitation determined?
A: It's typically obtained from rainfall data for a specific duration and return period relevant to the drainage area.

Q3: What factors affect the Runoff Coefficient?
A: Surface type, slope, soil conditions, land use, and vegetation cover all influence the runoff coefficient value.

Q4: When is this calculation most applicable?
A: This method is commonly used for small to medium-sized drainage areas (typically less than 200 hectares).

Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The rational method assumes uniform rainfall distribution and may not account for complex hydrological processes in large watersheds.