1. What is Run-off Depth Calculation?

Run-off Depth calculation estimates the amount of water that flows over land surfaces during precipitation events. It's a crucial parameter in hydrology and civil engineering for designing drainage systems, flood control measures, and water resource management.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Run-off formula:

Where:

• \( R \) — Runoff Depth (cm)
• \( C_r \) — Runoff Coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( P_{cm} \) — Rainfall Depth (cm)

Explanation: The runoff coefficient represents the fraction of rainfall that becomes surface runoff, accounting for factors like soil type, land cover, and slope.

3. Importance of Run-off Calculation

Details: Accurate run-off estimation is essential for designing effective drainage systems, predicting flood risks, managing stormwater, and planning urban infrastructure development.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter runoff coefficient (typically between 0 and 1) and rainfall depth in centimeters. Both values must be valid positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical runoff coefficient value?
A: Runoff coefficients vary widely: paved surfaces (0.8-0.95), lawns (0.05-0.35), forests (0.01-0.20), depending on soil type and slope.

Q2: How is rainfall depth measured?
A: Rainfall depth is typically measured using rain gauges and expressed in centimeters or millimeters over a specific time period.

Q3: What factors affect runoff coefficient?
A: Soil permeability, vegetation cover, slope gradient, land use, and antecedent moisture conditions all influence the runoff coefficient.

Q4: When is this calculation most useful?
A: This calculation is particularly valuable for urban planning, agricultural water management, and environmental impact assessments.

Q5: Are there limitations to this simple formula?
A: While useful for basic estimates, more complex models may be needed for precise calculations that account for temporal distribution and other hydrological factors.