1. What is Khosla's Formula?

Khosla's Formula is used to estimate runoff depth from rainfall data and temperature. It provides a simple method to calculate the portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface into streams, rivers, or other water bodies.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Khosla's Formula:

Where:

• \( RKC \) — Runoff Depth in cm
• \( P_{cm} \) — Rainfall Depth in cm
• \( T_f \) — Temperature in °F

Explanation: The formula calculates runoff by subtracting a temperature-dependent factor from the total rainfall depth.

3. Importance of Runoff Depth Calculation

Details: Accurate runoff estimation is crucial for water resource management, flood prediction, irrigation planning, and environmental impact assessment.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter rainfall depth in centimeters and temperature in Fahrenheit. Rainfall must be a non-negative value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the typical range of runoff depth values?
A: Runoff depth values vary significantly based on rainfall intensity, soil type, and land cover, typically ranging from 0 to the total rainfall depth.

Q2: Why is temperature included in the formula?
A: Temperature affects evaporation rates, which in turn influences how much rainfall becomes runoff versus being lost to the atmosphere.

Q3: What are the limitations of Khosla's Formula?
A: The formula provides a simplified estimation and may not account for complex factors like soil moisture, vegetation cover, slope, and rainfall intensity.

Q4: Can this formula be used for all climate conditions?
A: While generally applicable, the formula may need calibration for specific regional conditions and extreme climate scenarios.

Q5: How accurate is Khosla's Formula compared to modern methods?
A: Modern hydrological models may provide more accurate results as they incorporate additional factors, but Khosla's Formula remains useful for quick estimations.