1. What is Runoff Volume Percentage?

Runoff Volume Percentage represents the percentage of rainfall that becomes surface runoff under damp antecedent moisture conditions (AMC). It's a key parameter in hydrology for predicting water yield and managing water resources.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Ks \) — Runoff Volume Percentage (%)
• \( p \) — Daily Rainfall (mm)

Explanation: This linear equation estimates the percentage of rainfall that will become surface runoff based on the daily rainfall amount under damp moisture conditions.

3. Importance of Runoff Volume Calculation

Details: Accurate runoff volume estimation is crucial for flood prediction, watershed management, irrigation planning, and environmental impact assessments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter daily rainfall in millimeters. The value must be positive and valid for accurate runoff percentage calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are antecedent moisture conditions (AMC)?
A: AMC refers to the moisture content in the soil before a rainfall event, categorized as dry, damp, or wet conditions that affect runoff generation.

Q2: How accurate is this formula?
A: The formula provides a reasonable estimate for damp conditions but may vary based on soil type, land cover, and other local factors.

Q3: What is considered damp AMC?
A: Damp AMC typically occurs when there has been light rainfall in the previous 5 days, but the soil is not saturated.

Q4: Can this formula be used for all soil types?
A: The formula is a general estimation and may need adjustment for specific soil types and land use conditions.

Q5: What's the typical range of runoff percentages?
A: Runoff percentages typically range from 5% to 50% depending on rainfall intensity, soil conditions, and land surface characteristics.