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Runoff Formula:
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Runoff in very hilly, steep and hardly any cultivation catchment with average or varying rainfall refers to the water flow that occurs when rainfall exceeds the absorption capacity of the land surface. In such terrains, the steep slopes and lack of vegetation lead to higher runoff coefficients.
The calculator uses the runoff formula:
Where:
Explanation: The coefficient 0.45 represents the runoff factor for very hilly, steep terrain with hardly any cultivation and average or varying rainfall conditions.
Details: Accurate runoff estimation is crucial for water resource management, flood prediction, erosion control, and agricultural planning in hilly and steep catchment areas.
Tips: Enter rainfall measurement in centimeters. The value must be valid (rainfall > 0).
Q1: Why is the runoff coefficient 0.45 for this type of catchment?
A: The coefficient 0.45 is derived from empirical studies and represents the proportion of rainfall that becomes surface runoff in very hilly, steep terrain with minimal cultivation.
Q2: How does vegetation affect runoff in steep catchments?
A: Vegetation significantly reduces runoff by increasing infiltration and slowing surface water flow. The absence of cultivation leads to higher runoff rates.
Q3: What factors can affect the accuracy of this calculation?
A: Soil type, rainfall intensity, antecedent moisture conditions, and specific slope characteristics can affect the accuracy of the runoff estimation.
Q4: Is this formula applicable to all hilly areas?
A: This formula is specifically designed for very hilly, steep catchments with hardly any cultivation and average or varying rainfall patterns.
Q5: How often should runoff calculations be performed?
A: Runoff calculations should be performed for each rainfall event or seasonally, depending on the specific water management needs of the area.