1. What is the Time of Peak Formula?

The Time of Peak formula calculates the time interval from the start of rainfall to the peak discharge in a catchment area. It provides an important parameter for hydrological analysis and flood prediction.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Time of Peak formula:

Where:

• \( T_p \) — Time of Peak (seconds)
• \( A \) — Area of Catchment (km²)
• \( Q_p \) — Peak Discharge (m³/s)

Explanation: The formula calculates the time required for the peak discharge to occur based on the catchment area and the maximum flow rate.

3. Importance of Time of Peak Calculation

Details: Accurate Time of Peak estimation is crucial for flood forecasting, watershed management, and designing drainage systems to handle peak flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the catchment area in square kilometers and peak discharge in cubic meters per second. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of the constant 2.08?
A: The constant 2.08 is an empirical coefficient derived from hydrological studies that relates catchment area and peak discharge to time of peak.

Q2: How accurate is this formula?
A: The formula provides a reasonable estimate for many catchment areas, but accuracy may vary based on specific watershed characteristics and rainfall patterns.

Q3: Can this formula be used for all types of catchments?
A: While generally applicable, the formula works best for moderate-sized catchments with typical hydrological characteristics.

Q4: What units should be used for input values?
A: Area should be in square kilometers (km²) and peak discharge in cubic meters per second (m³/s) for accurate results.

Q5: How does time of peak relate to flood warning systems?
A: Time of peak helps determine how much advance warning time is available before flood waters reach their maximum level.