1. What is Peak Discharge?

Peak Discharge is the maximum volume flow rate passing a particular location during an event. It is a critical parameter in hydrology and civil engineering for designing drainage systems, flood control structures, and water resource management.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Qp \) — Peak Discharge (m³/s)
• \( Cr \) — Runoff Coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( AD \) — Drainage Area (m²)
• \( i \) — Intensity of Rainfall (m/s)

Explanation: The formula calculates the maximum flow rate by multiplying the runoff coefficient (which represents the fraction of rainfall that becomes surface runoff), the drainage area, and the rainfall intensity.

3. Importance of Peak Discharge Calculation

Details: Accurate peak discharge calculation is crucial for designing effective drainage systems, flood control measures, and infrastructure that can handle extreme weather events. It helps prevent flooding and ensures public safety.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the runoff coefficient (between 0 and 1), drainage area in square meters, and rainfall intensity in meters per second. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the runoff coefficient?
A: The runoff coefficient is a dimensionless factor that represents the fraction of rainfall that becomes surface runoff rather than being absorbed into the ground.

Q2: How is rainfall intensity measured?
A: Rainfall intensity is typically measured in meters per second (m/s) or millimeters per hour (mm/h), representing the rate of rainfall over a specific duration.

Q3: What factors affect the runoff coefficient?
A: The runoff coefficient depends on surface type, slope, soil type, vegetation cover, and antecedent moisture conditions.

Q4: When is peak discharge calculation most important?
A: Peak discharge calculation is critical during the design of stormwater drainage systems, flood control structures, and any infrastructure that must handle surface water runoff.

Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This simplified formula assumes uniform rainfall distribution and may not account for complex watershed characteristics. More sophisticated models may be needed for large or complex drainage areas.