Atomicity Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the atomicity (number of atoms per molecule) of a non-linear molecule based on its ratio of molar heat capacities (γ = Cp/Cv).
Purpose: It helps in understanding molecular structure and degrees of freedom in thermodynamics.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the heat capacity ratio to the degrees of freedom in a non-linear molecule, which determines its atomicity.
Details: Knowing atomicity helps predict thermodynamic properties, vibrational modes, and energy distribution in molecules.
Tips: Enter the ratio of molar heat capacities (γ = Cp/Cv). For non-linear molecules, γ must be greater than 1.
Q1: What is the range of valid γ values?
A: For non-linear molecules, γ must be >1. For γ=4/3 (1.333), N=2 (diatomic). As γ approaches 1, N approaches infinity.
Q2: Why is this for non-linear molecules only?
A: Non-linear molecules have 3 rotational degrees of freedom, while linear molecules have only 2, requiring a different formula.
Q3: What's a typical γ value for common gases?
A: For polyatomic gases, γ is typically between 1.1 and 1.4 (e.g., 1.33 for CO2, 1.31 for CH4).
Q4: How does atomicity relate to degrees of freedom?
A: Atomicity determines the total degrees of freedom (3N), which includes translational, rotational, and vibrational modes.
Q5: Can this be used for linear molecules?
A: No, linear molecules use a different formula: N = (5γ - 3)/(3γ - 3).