Concentration of Product C in Set of Three Parallel Reactions Calculator

Concentration Formula:

\[ C = \frac{k_2}{k_1+k_2+k_3} \times A_0 \times (1 - e^{-(k_1+k_2+k_3)t}) \]

Reaction Rate Constant 1 (k₁):

1/s

Reaction Rate Constant 2 (k₂):

1/s

Rate Constant of Reaction 3 (k₃):

1/s

Initial Concentration of Reactant A (A₀):

mol/m³

Time (t):

Concentration of C at time t (mol/m³):

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1. What is Concentration of Product C in Parallel Reactions?

Definition: This calculator determines the concentration of product C formed in a set of three parallel reactions from reactant A over time.

Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers predict product distribution in parallel reaction systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ C = \frac{k_2}{k_1+k_2+k_3} \times A_0 \times (1 - e^{-(k_1+k_2+k_3)t}) \]

Where:

\( C \) — Concentration of product C (mol/m³)
\( k_1, k_2, k_3 \) — Rate constants for the three parallel reactions (1/s)
\( A_0 \) — Initial concentration of reactant A (mol/m³)
\( t \) — Reaction time (s)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the competition between parallel reactions and their relative rates.

3. Importance of Parallel Reaction Calculations

Details: Understanding product distribution in parallel reactions is crucial for reaction optimization, selectivity control, and process design.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all rate constants (default values provided), initial concentration of A, and reaction time. All values must be ≥ 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are parallel reactions?
A: Parallel reactions occur when a reactant can form different products through independent reaction pathways simultaneously.

Q2: How do I determine the rate constants?
A: Rate constants are typically determined experimentally through kinetic studies of the individual reactions.

Q3: What if one rate constant is much larger than others?
A: The reaction with the largest rate constant will dominate, producing more of its corresponding product.

Q4: Does this formula work for any number of parallel reactions?
A: The formula can be extended to any number of parallel reactions by summing all rate constants in the denominator.

Q5: What are typical units for these calculations?
A: Rate constants are typically in 1/s, concentrations in mol/m³, and time in seconds, but consistent units must be used throughout.