Concentration of Product C in Set of Two Parallel Reactions Calculator

Concentration Formula:

\[ C = \frac{k_2}{k_1 + k_2} \times A_0 \times (1 - e^{-(k_1 + k_2)t}) \]

Initial Concentration of Reactant A (A₀):

mol/m³

Reaction Rate Constant 1 (k₁):

1/s

Reaction Rate Constant 2 (k₂):

1/s

Time (t):

seconds

Concentration of Product C (C): mol/m³

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1. What is Concentration of Product C in Parallel Reactions?

Definition: This calculator determines the concentration of product C formed in a system where reactant A undergoes two parallel first-order reactions to form products B and C.

Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers predict product distribution in parallel reaction systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ C = \frac{k_2}{k_1 + k_2} \times A_0 \times (1 - e^{-(k_1 + k_2)t}) \]

Where:

\( C \) — Concentration of product C (mol/m³)
\( A_0 \) — Initial concentration of reactant A (mol/m³)
\( k_1 \) — Rate constant for reaction A → B (1/s)
\( k_2 \) — Rate constant for reaction A → C (1/s)
\( t \) — Reaction time (seconds)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the competition between two parallel reactions and their respective rates.

3. Importance of This Calculation

Details: Understanding product distribution in parallel reactions is crucial for reaction optimization, selectivity control, and industrial process design.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the initial concentration of A, both rate constants, and the reaction time. All values must be ≥ 0, with A₀ and t > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are parallel reactions?
A: Parallel reactions occur when a reactant can undergo two or more different reaction pathways simultaneously.

Q2: How do rate constants affect the product distribution?
A: The ratio k₂/(k₁+k₂) determines the maximum fraction of A that can be converted to C at infinite time.

Q3: What happens at very long reaction times?
A: The term (1 - e^{-(k₁+k₂)t}) approaches 1, and the concentration reaches its maximum value.

Q4: Can this be used for higher order reactions?
A: No, this formula is specifically for first-order parallel reactions.

Q5: How do I determine the rate constants experimentally?
A: Rate constants are typically determined by measuring product formation over time under controlled conditions.