1. What is Concentration of Product C when k₂ ≫ k₁?

Definition: This calculator determines the concentration of product C in a first-order consecutive reaction where the rate constant k₂ is much greater than k₁.

Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers predict product concentrations in consecutive reactions where the second step is much faster than the first.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( C \) — Concentration of product C (mol/m³)
• \( A_0 \) — Initial concentration of reactant A (mol/m³)
• \( k_1 \) — Rate constant for the first reaction (s⁻¹)
• \( t \) — Reaction time (seconds)

Explanation: When k₂ ≫ k₁, the concentration of intermediate B remains small, and the system can be approximated by this simplified equation.

3. Importance of This Calculation

Details: Accurate prediction of product concentrations is crucial for reaction optimization, process design, and kinetic studies in chemical engineering and chemistry.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the initial concentration of A, the rate constant k₁, and the reaction time. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: When is this approximation valid?
A: This approximation works well when k₂ is at least 10 times greater than k₁ (k₂ ≥ 10k₁).

Q2: What are typical units for these values?
A: Concentrations are typically in mol/m³ (or M), rate constants in s⁻¹, and time in seconds.

Q3: How does temperature affect the results?
A: Temperature affects rate constants (k₁ and k₂) through the Arrhenius equation but doesn't change the form of this equation.

Q4: What if k₂ is not much greater than k₁?
A: You would need to use the full consecutive reaction equations which account for the intermediate B concentration.

Q5: Can this be used for batch or flow reactors?
A: This equation applies to batch reactors. For flow reactors, you'd need to account for residence time distribution.