Formula Used:
From: | To: |
Definition: This calculator determines the concentration of product C in a first-order consecutive reaction where the rate constant k₂ is much greater than k₁.
Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers predict product concentrations in consecutive reactions where the second step is much faster than the first.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: When k₂ ≫ k₁, the concentration of intermediate B remains small, and the system can be approximated by this simplified equation.
Details: Accurate prediction of product concentrations is crucial for reaction optimization, process design, and kinetic studies in chemical engineering and chemistry.
Tips: Enter the initial concentration of A, the rate constant k₁, and the reaction time. All values must be positive numbers.
Q1: When is this approximation valid?
A: This approximation works well when k₂ is at least 10 times greater than k₁ (k₂ ≥ 10k₁).
Q2: What are typical units for these values?
A: Concentrations are typically in mol/m³ (or M), rate constants in s⁻¹, and time in seconds.
Q3: How does temperature affect the results?
A: Temperature affects rate constants (k₁ and k₂) through the Arrhenius equation but doesn't change the form of this equation.
Q4: What if k₂ is not much greater than k₁?
A: You would need to use the full consecutive reaction equations which account for the intermediate B concentration.
Q5: Can this be used for batch or flow reactors?
A: This equation applies to batch reactors. For flow reactors, you'd need to account for residence time distribution.