Concentration of Radical Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the concentration of radicals formed during the chain propagation step of a chain reaction.
Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers understand and predict radical concentrations in chain reactions.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates radical concentration by considering the balance between radical formation and consumption.
Details: Understanding radical concentration is crucial for controlling reaction rates, predicting product distributions, and ensuring reaction safety.
Tips: Enter all required parameters with appropriate units. Default values are provided for typical chain reactions.
Q1: What is a typical value for k₁?
A: Initiation rate constants typically range from 10⁻⁷ to 10⁻³ m³/(mol·s) depending on the reaction.
Q2: How does α affect the radical concentration?
A: Higher α values (more radicals formed) generally lead to higher radical concentrations.
Q3: What units should I use for concentration?
A: The calculator uses mol/m³ for all concentrations. Convert from other units if necessary.
Q4: Can this calculator be used for polymerization reactions?
A: Yes, it can be adapted for radical polymerization by adjusting the parameters appropriately.
Q5: What if I get negative values?
A: Check your input values, especially α which should normally be ≥ 0.