1. What is Covalent Radius from Allred Rochow's Electronegativity?

Definition: This calculator estimates the covalent radius of an atom based on Allred-Rochow's electronegativity and effective nuclear charge.

Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers understand atomic sizes and bonding characteristics in molecules.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( r_{covalent} \) — Covalent radius (Ångstroms)
• \( Z \) — Effective nuclear charge
• \( X_{A.R} \) — Allred-Rochow's electronegativity (J)

Explanation: The formula relates the atomic size to the balance between nuclear attraction (effective nuclear charge) and electron repulsion (electronegativity).

3. Importance of Covalent Radius Calculation

Details: Knowing covalent radii helps predict bond lengths, molecular geometries, and chemical reactivity patterns.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the effective nuclear charge and Allred-Rochow's electronegativity values. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is effective nuclear charge?
A: It's the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom, accounting for shielding by other electrons.

Q2: How is Allred-Rochow electronegativity different?
A: It measures electronegativity based on the electrostatic force between an electron and the nucleus at the atom's surface.

Q3: What units are used for the result?
A: The covalent radius is given in Ångstroms (1 Å = 10^-10 meters).

Q4: Why square root in the formula?
A: The relationship between these properties and atomic size isn't linear; the square root accounts for the non-linear dependence.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides reasonable estimates but actual radii may vary based on bonding environment and other factors.