Critical Temperature Formula:
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Definition: Critical temperature is the highest temperature at which the substance can exist as a liquid. At this point, phase boundaries vanish and the substance can exist both as a liquid and vapor.
Purpose: This calculator determines the critical temperature based on Clausius model parameters and actual/reduced properties of a real gas.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula combines real gas properties with their reduced counterparts and the Clausius parameter to estimate the critical temperature.
Details: Knowing the critical temperature helps in understanding phase behavior, designing industrial processes, and predicting gas liquefaction conditions.
Tips: Enter the real gas volume, reduced volume, Clausius parameter b, pressure, and reduced pressure. All values must be positive.
Q1: What is reduced volume and pressure?
A: Reduced properties are the ratio of actual properties to critical properties (V_r = V/V_c, P_r = P/P_c).
Q2: What's the typical range for Clausius parameter b?
A: Parameter b depends on the gas but is typically small (0.001-0.1 m³/mol) representing molecular volume.
Q3: Why is universal gas constant used?
A: The constant relates energy, temperature, and quantity of substance in thermodynamic equations.
Q4: What units should be used?
A: Use SI units: m³ for volume, Pa for pressure, and Kelvin for temperature results.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Accuracy depends on how well the Clausius model fits your real gas system.