1. What is Critical Temperature of Real Gas?

Definition: Critical temperature is the highest temperature at which the substance can exist as a liquid. At this temperature, phase boundaries vanish and the substance can exist both as a liquid and vapor.

Purpose: This calculator determines the critical temperature using the Clausius model of real gases, which accounts for molecular volume effects.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( T'_c \) — Critical temperature (Kelvin)
• \( V_c \) — Critical volume (m³)
• \( b' \) — Clausius parameter b for real gas (m³)
• \( P'_c \) — Critical pressure (Pascal)
• \( [R] \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)

Explanation: The formula adjusts the ideal gas law by accounting for the finite volume occupied by gas molecules (parameter b).

3. Importance of Critical Temperature

Details: Critical temperature is essential for understanding phase behavior, designing chemical processes, and determining storage conditions for gases.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the critical volume (must be greater than parameter b), Clausius parameter b, and critical pressure. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is Clausius parameter b?
A: It's an empirical parameter that accounts for the finite volume occupied by gas molecules in the Clausius model of real gases.

Q2: Why must critical volume be greater than parameter b?
A: Because parameter b represents molecular volume, so the actual gas volume (Vc) must exceed this value.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: Use m³ for volumes, Pascals for pressure. The result will be in Kelvin.

Q4: How accurate is this model?
A: The Clausius model provides reasonable estimates for many real gases, but more complex equations may be needed for precise calculations.

Q5: Where can I find parameter b values?
A: Parameter b is typically determined experimentally and can be found in thermodynamic tables for specific gases.