1. What is Degree of Freedom in Linear Molecules?

Definition: Degree of freedom refers to the number of independent ways a molecule can move or store energy.

Purpose: This calculator determines the degrees of freedom for linear molecules based on their atomicity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( F \) — Degree of freedom
• \( N \) — Atomicity (number of atoms in the molecule)

Explanation: For linear molecules, the formula accounts for 3 translational, 2 rotational, and (3N-5) vibrational degrees of freedom.

3. Importance of Degree of Freedom

Details: Understanding degrees of freedom helps in studying molecular motion, heat capacity, and statistical mechanics of gases.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Simply enter the number of atoms in the linear molecule (atomicity) and click calculate. The value must be a positive integer.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's different about non-linear molecules?
A: For non-linear molecules, the formula is F = (6 × N) - 6, as they have 3 rotational degrees of freedom.

Q2: What is the minimum atomicity for this formula?
A: The formula applies to diatomic (N=2) and larger linear molecules.

Q3: How does temperature affect degrees of freedom?
A: At very low temperatures, some degrees of freedom may be "frozen out" and not contribute to energy.

Q4: What are examples of linear molecules?
A: Common examples include CO₂, C₂H₂, and HCN.

Q5: How is this related to equipartition theorem?
A: Each degree of freedom contributes ½kT to the average energy per molecule according to the theorem.