1. What is Degree of Freedom in Non-Linear Molecules?

Definition: Degree of freedom refers to the number of independent ways a molecule can move or store energy.

Purpose: This calculator determines the total degrees of freedom for a non-linear molecule based on its atomicity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( F \) — Degree of freedom
• \( N \) — Atomicity (number of atoms in the molecule)

Explanation: For non-linear molecules, there are 6 constraints (3 translational and 3 rotational degrees of freedom) subtracted from the total possible degrees of freedom.

3. Importance of Degree of Freedom

Details: Understanding degrees of freedom helps in studying molecular motion, thermodynamics, and spectroscopy of molecules.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the atomicity (number of atoms in the molecule) as a whole number greater than 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between linear and non-linear molecules?
A: Linear molecules have 5 constraints (3 translational + 2 rotational) while non-linear have 6 (3 translational + 3 rotational).

Q2: Why subtract 6 in the formula?
A: This accounts for the 3 translational and 3 rotational degrees of freedom that are constrained for the molecule as a whole.

Q3: What's a typical atomicity value?
A: Common values range from 3 (like H₂O) to dozens for complex organic molecules.

Q4: How does this relate to vibrational modes?
A: The remaining degrees of freedom after subtracting translational and rotational are vibrational degrees of freedom.

Q5: Does this apply to all states of matter?
A: The formula applies to gases and liquids where molecules can rotate freely. In solids, rotational degrees are often constrained.