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Definition: Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass or density.
Purpose: This calculator uses Graham's law to determine the density of an unknown gas based on effusion rates and a known gas density.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The ratio of effusion rates squared is multiplied by the known gas density to calculate the unknown gas density.
Details: This law is crucial in gas separation processes, determining molecular weights, and understanding gas behavior under different conditions.
Tips: Enter the effusion rates for both gases and the density of the first gas. All values must be positive numbers.
Q1: What is effusion rate?
A: Effusion rate is the volume of gas that passes through a small hole per unit time (typically m³/s).
Q2: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is theoretically accurate for ideal gases under the same conditions.
Q3: What units should I use?
A: Consistent units must be used - m³/s for effusion rates and kg/m³ for densities.
Q4: Can I use this for gas mixtures?
A: The law applies to pure gases. For mixtures, results are approximate.
Q5: What's a typical effusion rate?
A: Effusion rates vary greatly depending on gas properties and conditions, but are typically small (e.g., 0.001-0.1 m³/s).