EMF of Concentration Cell with Transference given Transport Number of Anion Calculator

EMF of Cell Formula:

\[ EMF = 2 \times t^- \times \left( \frac{[R] \times T}{[Faraday]} \right) \times \ln\left( \frac{m_2 \times \gamma_2}{m_1 \times \gamma_1} \right) \]

Transport Number of Anion:

Temperature (K):

Cathodic Electrolyte Molality (mol/kg):

Cathodic Activity Coefficient:

Anodic Electrolyte Molality (mol/kg):

Anodic Activity Coefficient:

EMF of Cell (V):

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1. What is EMF of Concentration Cell with Transference?

Definition: This calculator computes the electromotive force (EMF) of a concentration cell that accounts for ion transference, using the transport number of anions.

Purpose: It helps electrochemists and researchers determine the potential difference in concentration cells where ion migration occurs.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ EMF = 2 \times t^- \times \left( \frac{[R] \times T}{[Faraday]} \right) \times \ln\left( \frac{m_2 \times \gamma_2}{m_1 \times \gamma_1} \right) \]

Where:

\( EMF \) — Electromotive force (volts)
\( t^- \) — Transport number of anion
\( [R] \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
\( T \) — Temperature (Kelvin)
\( [Faraday] \) — Faraday constant (96485 C/mol)
\( m_2 \) — Cathodic electrolyte molality (mol/kg)
\( \gamma_2 \) — Cathodic activity coefficient
\( m_1 \) — Anodic electrolyte molality (mol/kg)
\( \gamma_1 \) — Anodic activity coefficient

Explanation: The formula accounts for the concentration gradient and ion transport between half-cells.

3. Importance of EMF Calculation

Details: Accurate EMF calculation is essential for understanding electrochemical systems, battery design, and corrosion studies.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all required parameters. Temperature must be in Kelvin. Activity coefficients are typically between 0 and 1 for real solutions.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the transport number of anion?
A: It's the fraction of total current carried by anions in the electrolyte.

Q2: Why does temperature affect EMF?
A: EMF depends on thermal energy available for ion transport, represented by the RT/F term.

Q3: What are typical values for activity coefficients?
A: For dilute solutions, γ ≈ 1. For concentrated solutions, γ < 1 due to ion interactions.

Q4: Can EMF be negative?
A: Yes, negative EMF indicates the cell reaction is non-spontaneous in the given direction.

Q5: How precise are these calculations?
A: Precision depends on accurate input values, especially for activity coefficients which may require experimental determination.