1. What is Electronegativity?

Definition: Electronegativity is the measurement of the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density).

Purpose: It helps predict the nature of chemical bonds and molecular polarity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( EN \) — Electronegativity (dimensionless)
• \( IE_{KJ/mole} \) — Ionization Energy (KJ/mole)
• \( EA_{KJ/mole} \) — Electron Affinity (KJ/mole)

Explanation: The sum of ionization energy and electron affinity is divided by 544 to calculate electronegativity.

3. Importance of Electronegativity

Details: Electronegativity helps predict bond type (ionic vs covalent), bond polarity, and chemical reactivity.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the ionization energy and electron affinity in KJ/mole. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why divide by 544?
A: The factor 544 converts the energy sum to the Pauling electronegativity scale.

Q2: What are typical values?
A: Electronegativity ranges from about 0.7 (Cs) to 4.0 (F) on the Pauling scale.

Q3: How accurate is this calculation?
A: This provides a good estimate, but experimental values may vary slightly.

Q4: Can I use eV instead of KJ/mole?
A: No, this calculator requires values in KJ/mole (1 eV = 96.485 KJ/mole).

Q5: What's the difference between electronegativity and electron affinity?
A: Electron affinity measures energy change when an electron is added, while electronegativity measures attraction for shared electrons.