Boiling Point Elevation Formula:
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Definition: Boiling point elevation refers to the increase in the boiling point of a solvent upon the addition of a solute.
Purpose: This calculator helps determine how much a solvent's boiling point increases when a non-volatile solute is added.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the change in vapor pressure to the resulting change in boiling point temperature.
Details: Understanding boiling point elevation is crucial in chemistry, food processing, and industrial applications where precise temperature control is needed.
Tips: Enter the vapour pressures in Pascals, boiling point in Kelvin, and enthalpy in J/mol. All values must be positive.
Q1: Why does boiling point elevation occur?
A: Adding solute decreases the solvent's vapor pressure, requiring higher temperature to reach atmospheric pressure (boiling point).
Q2: What's a typical value for boiling point elevation?
A: For water with common solutes, it's typically 0.5-2°C, but depends on solute concentration.
Q3: Does this work for all solvents?
A: Yes, but the effect is most noticeable with solvents having high \( \Delta H_{vap} \) values.
Q4: How do I find vapour pressure values?
A: Vapour pressure tables or Antoine equation calculations can provide these values.
Q5: What if my solute is volatile?
A: This formula assumes non-volatile solutes. For volatile solutes, more complex calculations are needed.