Formation Constant Formula:
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Definition: The formation constant (Kf) measures the affinity of metal ions for ligands in coordinate complexes.
Purpose: It quantifies the stability of complex ions in solution, important in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and industrial processes.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Details: Higher Kf values indicate more stable complexes. This affects solubility, redox potential, and reactivity of metal ions.
Tips: Enter all concentrations in mol/m³. Default values demonstrate typical calculation. All values must be ≥ 0.
Q1: What are typical Kf values?
A: They vary widely - from 102 for weak complexes to 1030 for very stable ones like EDTA complexes.
Q2: How does temperature affect Kf?
A: Like all equilibrium constants, Kf is temperature dependent, usually decreasing with increasing temperature.
Q3: What units should I use for concentration?
A: The calculator uses mol/m³, but you can use any consistent units as Kf is dimensionless.
Q4: How do I determine stoichiometric coefficients?
A: They come from the balanced chemical equation for complex formation.
Q5: What if my complex has multiple ligands?
A: Include all ligand concentrations raised to their respective powers in the denominator.