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Definition: This calculator determines the initial concentration of reactant A in a reversible first-order chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions are both first-order.
Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers analyze reaction kinetics and determine initial conditions for reversible reactions.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the initial reactant concentration to measurable quantities in a reversible first-order reaction system.
Details: Knowing the initial concentration helps in reaction design, kinetic studies, and understanding reaction mechanisms.
Tips: Enter the reaction time, forward rate constant, equilibrium reactant concentration, and product concentration at time t. All values must be positive, and x must be less than xeq.
Q1: What are typical values for the forward rate constant?
A: For first-order reactions, kf typically ranges from 10⁻⁶ to 10³ s⁻¹ depending on the reaction.
Q2: How do I determine xeq experimentally?
A: Measure the reactant concentration after sufficient time has passed for the reaction to reach equilibrium.
Q3: What if my product concentration exceeds equilibrium concentration?
A: This is physically impossible for the calculator - x must be less than xeq.
Q4: Can this be used for other reaction orders?
A: No, this formula is specific for first-order opposed by first-order reactions.
Q5: What units should I use?
A: Use consistent units - seconds for time, s⁻¹ for rate constant, and mol/m³ for concentrations.