Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the intermediate concentration in a series reaction where the first step is first order and the second step is zero order.
Purpose: It helps chemical engineers and researchers analyze reaction kinetics in multi-step processes.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula accounts for the first-order decay of the reactant and the zero-order formation of the intermediate.
Details: Accurate intermediate concentration calculations are crucial for reaction optimization, process design, and safety assessments in chemical engineering.
Tips: Enter all required parameters with correct units. Initial concentration must be positive, while rate constants and time must be non-negative.
Q1: What does a negative result mean?
A: Negative values indicate the calculation is not physically meaningful, possibly due to invalid input parameters.
Q2: How do I determine the rate constants?
A: Rate constants are typically determined experimentally or from literature values for specific reactions.
Q3: What's the difference between first and zero order reactions?
A: First order depends on reactant concentration, while zero order proceeds at a constant rate regardless of concentration.
Q4: Can this be used for other reaction orders?
A: No, this calculator is specifically for first-order followed by zero-order reactions in series.
Q5: What time units should I use?
A: Use seconds for consistency with the rate constant units (1/s for kI).