Lattice Energy Formula:
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Definition: The Born-Lande equation calculates the lattice energy of an ionic crystal based on electrostatic interactions between ions.
Purpose: It helps chemists and material scientists understand and predict the stability of ionic compounds.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Details: Lattice energy helps predict solubility, melting points, and stability of ionic compounds. Higher lattice energy means more stable crystals.
Tips: Enter the Madelung constant (1.748 for NaCl), ion charges, Born exponent (typically 5-12), and interionic distance in meters.
Q1: What is the Madelung constant?
A: A dimensionless constant that depends on the crystal geometry, accounting for ion arrangement.
Q2: How do I determine the Born exponent?
A: It's typically 5-12, with 7-10 being common. It can be estimated from compressibility data.
Q3: What units should I use for distance?
A: Enter the distance in meters (1 Ångström = 1×10⁻¹⁰ m).
Q4: Why is lattice energy negative?
A: The negative sign indicates energy is released when the crystal forms from gaseous ions.
Q5: How accurate is the Born-Lande equation?
A: It provides good estimates but neglects van der Waals forces and zero-point energy.