Formula Used:
From: | To: |
Definition: This calculator determines the maximum concentration of intermediate B in a first-order consecutive reaction A → B → C.
Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers understand and predict the behavior of consecutive reactions.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the point where the formation and consumption rates of B are balanced.
Details: Understanding the maximum intermediate concentration helps in reaction optimization, process design, and safety considerations.
Tips: Enter the initial concentration of A and both rate constants. All values must be positive and k1 ≠ k2.
Q1: What if k1 equals k2?
A: The formula becomes indeterminate. A different approach is needed for this special case.
Q2: How do I determine the rate constants?
A: Rate constants are typically determined experimentally or from literature data.
Q3: Does this apply to non-first-order reactions?
A: No, this formula is specific for first-order consecutive reactions.
Q4: What time does this maximum occur at?
A: The time of maximum concentration can be calculated separately using t_max = ln(k1/k2)/(k1-k2).
Q5: What units should I use?
A: Ensure consistent units - concentration in mol/m³ and rate constants in 1/s.