Maximum Concentration of Intermediate B in First Order Consecutive Reaction Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ [B] = A_0 \times \left(\frac{k_2}{k_1}\right)^{\left(\frac{k_2}{k_1 - k_2}\right)} \]

Initial Concentration of Reactant A:

mol/m³

Reaction Rate Constant 1:

1/s

Rate Constant of Reaction 2:

1/s

Concentration of B at Time t:

mol/m³

Definition: This calculator determines the maximum concentration of intermediate B in a first-order consecutive reaction A → B → C.

Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers understand and predict the behavior of consecutive reactions.

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ [B] = A_0 \times \left(\frac{k_2}{k_1}\right)^{\left(\frac{k_2}{k_1 - k_2}\right)} \]

Where:

Explanation: The formula calculates the point where the formation and consumption rates of B are balanced.

Details: Understanding the maximum intermediate concentration helps in reaction optimization, process design, and safety considerations.

Tips: Enter the initial concentration of A and both rate constants. All values must be positive and k1 ≠ k2.

Q1: What if k1 equals k2?
A: The formula becomes indeterminate. A different approach is needed for this special case.

Q2: How do I determine the rate constants?
A: Rate constants are typically determined experimentally or from literature data.

Q3: Does this apply to non-first-order reactions?
A: No, this formula is specific for first-order consecutive reactions.

Q4: What time does this maximum occur at?
A: The time of maximum concentration can be calculated separately using t_max = ln(k1/k2)/(k1-k2).

Q5: What units should I use?
A: Ensure consistent units - concentration in mol/m³ and rate constants in 1/s.