Membrane Thickness Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the thickness of a membrane layer using the solution-diffusion model, which describes permeation in non-porous membranes.
Purpose: It helps researchers and engineers in membrane technology to design and analyze membrane systems for applications like reverse osmosis, gas separation, and pervaporation.
The calculator uses the solution-diffusion model formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates membrane thickness based on the balance between driving forces (pressure difference) and transport resistance.
Details: Membrane thickness is crucial for determining flux rates, selectivity, and mechanical stability in separation processes. Thinner membranes typically offer higher flux but may compromise mechanical strength.
Tips:
Q1: What is the solution-diffusion model?
A: It's a model that describes permeation through dense (non-porous) membranes where molecules dissolve in the membrane material and diffuse through it.
Q2: What's a typical membrane thickness range?
A: Most industrial membranes range from 50 nm to 500 μm, depending on the application and material.
Q3: How does temperature affect membrane thickness calculation?
A: Higher temperatures generally increase diffusivity but also affect other parameters in the equation.
Q4: What if my osmotic pressure is zero?
A: For systems without osmotic pressure difference (like gas separation), set osmotic pressure to zero.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical estimates; actual membrane performance may vary due to material properties and manufacturing variations.