Berthelot Equation Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the molar volume of a real gas using the Berthelot equation of state, which accounts for intermolecular forces and molecular size.
Purpose: It helps chemists and engineers calculate the volume occupied by one mole of a real gas under specific conditions.
The calculator uses the Berthelot equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation modifies the ideal gas law to account for real gas behavior through empirical parameters a and b.
Details: The Berthelot equation provides more accurate results than the ideal gas law for real gases, especially at moderate pressures and temperatures.
Tips: Enter the pressure in Pascals, temperature in Kelvin, and the Berthelot parameters a and b. All values must be positive.
Q1: What are typical values for Berthelot parameters?
A: Parameters vary by gas. For example, for CO₂: a ≈ 3.60 Pa·m⁶/mol², b ≈ 0.0427 m³/mol.
Q2: When is the Berthelot equation most accurate?
A: It works best for gases at moderate pressures (not too high, not too low) and temperatures above the critical temperature.
Q3: What happens if the denominator becomes zero?
A: The equation becomes undefined. This occurs when (1/RT) = (T/a), indicating a limitation of the model at certain conditions.
Q4: How does this compare to the van der Waals equation?
A: The Berthelot equation is similar but uses a temperature-dependent term for parameter a, making it more accurate for some conditions.
Q5: Can I use this for liquids?
A: No, the Berthelot equation is only valid for gases.