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Definition: This calculator determines the number of moles of solvent in a dilute solution based on the relative lowering of vapour pressure.
Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers understand solution properties and colligative effects in dilute solutions.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the change in vapour pressure to the mole fraction of solute in the solution.
Details: Understanding vapour pressure lowering is crucial for studying colligative properties, designing chemical processes, and predicting solution behavior.
Tips: Enter the moles of solute, vapour pressure of pure solvent, and vapour pressure of solvent in solution. All values must be > 0 and \( p_o > p \).
Q1: What is relative lowering of vapour pressure?
A: It's the ratio of vapour pressure lowering to the vapour pressure of pure solvent, a colligative property.
Q2: Why must the solution be dilute?
A: The formula assumes ideal behavior which is only valid for dilute solutions where solute-solute interactions are negligible.
Q3: What units should I use?
A: Moles should be in mol and pressure in Pascals (Pa), though any consistent pressure units will work.
Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Very accurate for ideal, dilute solutions. Accuracy decreases as concentration increases.
Q5: Can I use this for non-volatile solutes?
A: Yes, this is particularly useful for solutions with non-volatile solutes where \( p \) is significantly lower than \( p_o \).