Formula Used:
From: | To: |
Definition: Mulliken's Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons, calculated as the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy and the electron affinity.
Purpose: It provides an alternative scale to Pauling's electronegativity for comparing the electron-attracting power of atoms.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula provides a conversion between Pauling's electronegativity scale and Mulliken's electronegativity scale.
Details: Electronegativity is crucial for understanding chemical bonding, predicting bond polarity, and explaining molecular properties.
Tips: Enter Pauling's electronegativity value (must be > 0) to calculate the corresponding Mulliken's electronegativity.
Q1: What's the difference between Pauling's and Mulliken's electronegativity?
A: Pauling's scale is based on bond energies, while Mulliken's is based on ionization energy and electron affinity.
Q2: What are typical values for Mulliken's electronegativity?
A: Values typically range from about 2 to 4 on this scale, though exact values depend on the element.
Q3: Why is there a conversion formula between the scales?
A: The formula provides approximate conversion between two different measurement approaches for the same fundamental property.
Q4: How accurate is this conversion?
A: It provides a good approximation but may not be exact for all elements.
Q5: Where can I find Pauling's electronegativity values?
A: Standard periodic tables typically list Pauling electronegativity values for each element.