Formula for Equilibrium Stages in Leaching:
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Definition: This calculator determines the number of theoretical equilibrium stages required in a leaching process to achieve a specified solute recovery.
Purpose: It helps chemical engineers and process designers optimize leaching operations by determining the required number of stages.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the theoretical stages needed based on the discharge ratio and desired recovery efficiency.
Details: Proper stage calculation ensures efficient solute extraction, optimal equipment sizing, and cost-effective process design.
Tips: Enter the discharge ratio (overflow/underflow) and desired solute recovery (as decimal between 0 and 1). The recovery must be less than 1.
Q1: What is an equilibrium stage in leaching?
A: A theoretical stage where the liquid and solid phases achieve equilibrium composition before being separated.
Q2: How does discharge ratio affect stages?
A: Higher ratios typically require fewer stages for the same recovery, as more solute is carried in the overflow.
Q3: What's a typical recovery value?
A: Industrial processes often aim for 90-99% recovery (0.9 to 0.99 input).
Q4: Does this account for non-ideal conditions?
A: No, this calculates theoretical stages. Actual stages needed may be higher due to efficiency factors.
Q5: Can recovery be 100%?
A: Theoretically no (would require infinite stages), practically very high recoveries (99%+) are achievable.