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Definition: This calculator determines the number of theoretical equilibrium stages required for liquid-liquid extraction processes.
Purpose: It helps chemical engineers design and optimize separation processes where a solute is transferred between two immiscible liquid phases.
The calculator uses the Kremser equation:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the theoretical number of stages needed to achieve a desired solute concentration in the raffinate phase.
Details: Accurate stage calculation ensures efficient separation, minimizes solvent usage, and helps design cost-effective extraction processes.
Tips: Enter the mass fractions (0-1), distribution coefficient, and flowrates (must be > 0). Default values are provided for demonstration.
Q1: What is the distribution coefficient?
A: It's the ratio of solute concentration in the extract phase to that in the raffinate phase at equilibrium.
Q2: Why use solute-free flowrates?
A: Solute-free basis simplifies calculations as solute concentration changes between stages.
Q3: What if I get a fractional number of stages?
A: Round up to the nearest whole number since partial stages aren't practical.
Q4: How does flowrate ratio affect stages?
A: Higher extract flowrate reduces required stages but increases solvent usage.
Q5: What's a typical distribution coefficient range?
A: Typically 0.1-10, but depends on solute and solvent system.