1. What is Number of Molecules of Product formed in 1 second?

Definition: This calculator determines the number of product molecules formed per second in a photochemical reaction based on quantum efficiency and absorbed photons.

Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers quantify reaction rates in photochemical processes.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \frac{dN_P}{dt} \) — Product molecules formed per second
• \( \Phi_p \) — Quantum efficiency for products
• \( I_{quanta} \) — Number of quanta absorbed per second

Explanation: The quantum efficiency (fraction of absorbed photons that lead to product formation) is multiplied by the photon absorption rate to determine product formation rate.

3. Importance of This Calculation

Details: Understanding product formation rates is crucial for optimizing photochemical reactions, designing photoreactors, and evaluating reaction efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the quantum efficiency (unitless, typically between 0 and 1) and the number of quanta absorbed per second. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is quantum efficiency?
A: Quantum efficiency is the fraction of absorbed photons that result in the desired photochemical product.

Q2: How do I measure the number of quanta absorbed?
A: This can be measured using actinometry or calculated from light intensity and absorption cross-section.

Q3: Can quantum efficiency be greater than 1?
A: Yes, in chain reactions where one photon initiates multiple product formations, quantum yield can exceed 1.

Q4: What affects quantum efficiency?
A: Factors include wavelength, temperature, reactant concentration, and competing reaction pathways.

Q5: How precise is this calculation?
A: It provides a theoretical maximum assuming all absorbed photons are accounted for and no secondary reactions occur.