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Definition: This calculator determines the number of molecules of reactant consumed in 1 second in a photochemical reaction based on quantum efficiency and number of photons absorbed.
Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers quantify reaction rates in photochemical processes.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The quantum efficiency represents the probability that an absorbed photon will lead to reactant consumption, multiplied by the photon absorption rate.
Details: Understanding reactant consumption rates helps in designing photochemical processes, optimizing reaction conditions, and scaling up reactions.
Tips: Enter the quantum efficiency for reactants (typically between 0 and 1) and the number of quanta absorbed per second. Both values must be positive.
Q1: What is quantum efficiency?
A: Quantum efficiency is the fraction of absorbed photons that result in the desired chemical transformation of reactants.
Q2: How do I measure quanta absorbed?
A: This can be measured using actinometry or calculated from light intensity and absorption characteristics.
Q3: Can quantum efficiency be greater than 1?
A: Yes, in chain reactions where one photon initiates multiple reactant transformations.
Q4: What affects quantum efficiency?
A: Factors include wavelength, temperature, reactant concentration, and presence of catalysts or inhibitors.
Q5: How precise is this calculation?
A: It provides a theoretical maximum assuming all absorbed photons are accounted for and the quantum efficiency is constant.