Osmotic Pressure Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the osmotic pressure of a solution based on the difference between the vapour pressure of the pure solvent and the solution.
Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers understand solution properties and predict solvent behavior across semipermeable membranes.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the vapour pressure lowering to the osmotic pressure through thermodynamic principles.
Details: Osmotic pressure is crucial for understanding biological systems, designing separation processes, and developing pharmaceutical formulations.
Tips: Enter the vapour pressures in Pascals, temperature in Kelvin, and molar volume in m³/mol. All values must be positive.
Q1: What is the physical meaning of osmotic pressure?
A: It's the minimum pressure needed to prevent solvent flow through a semipermeable membrane due to concentration differences.
Q2: How does temperature affect osmotic pressure?
A: Osmotic pressure increases with temperature, as shown by the direct proportionality in the formula.
Q3: What are typical values for molar volume?
A: For water at STP, it's about 18×10⁻⁶ m³/mol (18 mL/mol).
Q4: Can this calculator be used for non-ideal solutions?
A: The formula assumes ideal behavior. For non-ideal solutions, activity coefficients should be considered.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical values accurate for dilute, ideal solutions. Real systems may show deviations.