1. What is Osmotic Pressure?

Definition: Osmotic Pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the osmotic pressure of a solution based on the number of moles of solute, temperature, and solution volume.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \pi \) — Osmotic Pressure (Pascals)
• \( n \) — Number of Moles of Solute (mol)
• \( [R] \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
• \( T \) — Temperature (Kelvin)
• \( V \) — Volume of Solution (cubic meters)

Explanation: The formula relates the osmotic pressure to the concentration of solute particles and temperature.

3. Importance of Osmotic Pressure Calculation

Details: Osmotic pressure is crucial in biological systems, water purification, and industrial processes like reverse osmosis.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of moles of solute, temperature in Kelvin, and solution volume in cubic meters. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What units should I use for temperature?
A: Temperature must be in Kelvin (K). To convert from Celsius, add 273.15.

Q2: What is the universal gas constant value?
A: The calculator uses 8.31446261815324 J/mol·K for precise calculations.

Q3: Can I use this for electrolyte solutions?
A: For electrolytes, you'll need to multiply by the van't Hoff factor (i) which accounts for dissociation.

Q4: What's a typical osmotic pressure range?
A: Biological fluids are typically 7-8 atm (700,000-800,000 Pa), while seawater is about 27 atm.

Q5: How does temperature affect osmotic pressure?
A: Osmotic pressure increases linearly with absolute temperature.