Partial Molar Volume Formula:
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Definition: The partial molar volume of a substance in a mixture is the change in volume of the mixture per mole of that substance added, at constant temperature and pressure.
Purpose: This calculator determines the partial molar volume of water based on the solution-diffusion model, which is important in membrane science and chemical engineering.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates water transport through a membrane to its partial molar volume under applied pressure and osmotic gradients.
Details: Understanding partial molar volumes is crucial for designing membrane separation processes, predicting solution behavior, and modeling transport phenomena in chemical and biological systems.
Tips: Enter all required parameters with appropriate units. Default values are provided for typical conditions, but should be adjusted for specific systems.
Q1: What is the typical range for partial molar volume of water?
A: For water, partial molar volumes typically range from 1.8×10⁻⁵ to 2.0×10⁻⁵ m³/mol under normal conditions.
Q2: How does temperature affect the result?
A: Higher temperatures generally increase the partial molar volume due to thermal expansion effects.
Q3: What if my osmotic pressure is zero?
A: If there's no osmotic pressure difference (Δπ=0), the driving force is simply the applied pressure difference.
Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The accuracy depends on the input parameters and assumes ideal solution behavior. For precise work, experimental validation is recommended.
Q5: What are common applications of this calculation?
A: This is particularly useful in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and other membrane separation processes.