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Definition: Pauling's electronegativity is described as "the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself".
Purpose: It helps predict the nature of chemical bonds between atoms and their behavior in molecules.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The conversion factor of 2.8 scales Mulliken's electronegativity to match Pauling's scale.
Details: Understanding electronegativity differences helps predict bond polarity, molecular polarity, and chemical reactivity.
Tips: Enter Mulliken's electronegativity value in joules. The value must be > 0.
Q1: What's the difference between Pauling and Mulliken electronegativity?
A: Pauling's scale is based on bond energies, while Mulliken's is calculated from ionization energy and electron affinity.
Q2: Why divide by 2.8?
A: This conversion factor scales Mulliken's values to match Pauling's empirically derived scale.
Q3: What are typical values for Pauling electronegativity?
A: Values range from 0.7 (Cs) to 4.0 (F) on the Pauling scale.
Q4: Can I use this for all elements?
A: Yes, the conversion works for all elements, though accuracy may vary slightly.
Q5: Where can I find Mulliken electronegativity values?
A: They can be calculated from first ionization energy and electron affinity data.