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Pauling's Electronegativity from Mulliken's Electronegativity Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ X_P = (0.336 \times X_M) - 0.2 \]

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1. What is Pauling's Electronegativity?

Definition: Pauling's Electronegativity is described as "the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself".

Purpose: It helps predict the nature of chemical bonds and molecular polarity in chemistry.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ X_P = (0.336 \times X_M) - 0.2 \]

Where:

Explanation: This formula converts Mulliken's electronegativity scale to Pauling's scale using an empirical relationship.

3. Importance of Electronegativity Calculation

Details: Understanding electronegativity differences helps predict bond types (ionic vs covalent) and molecular properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter Mulliken's electronegativity value in joules. The value must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between Pauling and Mulliken scales?
A: Pauling's scale is based on bond energies, while Mulliken's uses ionization energy and electron affinity.

Q2: What's the range of Pauling's electronegativity?
A: Typically from 0.7 (Fr) to 4.0 (F) on Pauling's scale.

Q3: Why is the conversion factor 0.336?
A: This empirical factor was determined to best align the two electronegativity scales.

Q4: Can I use this for all elements?
A: Yes, the conversion works for all elements but may have slight variations for some.

Q5: What units should I use?
A: The calculator uses joules for both input and output.

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