Electronegativity Difference Formula:
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Definition: This calculator computes the difference in electronegativity between two elements using Pauling's scale.
Purpose: It helps determine the polarity of chemical bonds and predict bond type (ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent).
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The absolute difference between the two electronegativity values shows how unequal the electron sharing is between atoms.
Details: The difference helps predict bond type:
Tips: Enter the electronegativity values for both elements (Pauling scale values). Common values: H=2.20, O=3.44, Na=0.93, Cl=3.16.
Q1: What is Pauling's electronegativity scale?
A: A numerical scale (0.7 to 4.0) developed by Linus Pauling to describe an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.
Q2: Why use absolute value in the formula?
A: The absolute value ensures the difference is always positive, as only the magnitude of difference matters, not which element is more electronegative.
Q3: Where can I find electronegativity values?
A: Standard periodic tables include Pauling electronegativity values for each element.
Q4: Can this be used for polyatomic molecules?
A: For molecules with more than two atoms, calculate differences between each bonded pair separately.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides a good estimate, but actual bond character can be influenced by other factors like molecular geometry.