1. What is Rate of Effusion by Graham's Law?

Definition: This calculator determines the effusion rate of one gas compared to another based on their molar masses using Graham's Law.

Purpose: It helps in understanding and predicting how different gases will effuse through small openings, which is important in chemical and industrial processes.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Graham's Law formula:

Where:

• \( r_1 \) — Rate of effusion of first gas (m³/s)
• \( r_2 \) — Rate of effusion of second gas (m³/s)
• \( M_1 \) — Molar mass of first gas (kg/mol)
• \( M_2 \) — Molar mass of second gas (kg/mol)

Explanation: The rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas.

3. Importance of Graham's Law

Details: Graham's Law helps in gas separation processes, understanding diffusion rates, and predicting gas behavior in various conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the molar masses of both gases (in kg/mol) and the known effusion rate of the second gas. All molar mass values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is effusion?
A: Effusion is the process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening from one container to another.

Q2: Why does molar mass affect effusion rate?
A: Heavier gas molecules move more slowly than lighter ones at the same temperature, so they effuse more slowly.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: Use kg/mol for molar masses and m³/s for effusion rates for consistent SI unit results.

Q4: Can I use this for gas diffusion too?
A: While Graham's Law applies to both effusion and diffusion, diffusion rates are more complex due to molecular collisions.

Q5: What's a typical effusion rate?
A: Effusion rates vary widely depending on conditions, but light gases like hydrogen effuse much faster than heavy gases like xenon.