1. What is Graham's Law of Effusion?

Definition: Graham's Law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the rate at which a second gas will effuse compared to a first gas, based on their molar masses.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Graham's Law formula:

Where:

• \( r_2 \) — Rate of effusion of second gas (m³/s)
• \( r_1 \) — Rate of effusion of first gas (m³/s)
• \( M_1 \) — Molar mass of first gas (kg/mol)
• \( M_2 \) — Molar mass of second gas (kg/mol)

Explanation: The rate of effusion of the second gas is calculated by dividing the first gas's rate by the square root of the ratio of their molar masses.

3. Importance of Graham's Law

Details: This law is crucial in understanding gas behavior, separation of gas mixtures, and industrial applications like uranium enrichment.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the rate of effusion of the first gas, molar masses of both gases. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is effusion?
A: Effusion is the process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening from one container to another.

Q2: How does molar mass affect effusion rate?
A: Lighter gases (lower molar mass) effuse faster than heavier gases under the same conditions.

Q3: What are typical units for molar mass?
A: Molar mass is typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol) or kilograms per mole (kg/mol).

Q4: Can this be used for gas diffusion too?
A: Yes, Graham's Law applies to both effusion and diffusion, though diffusion rates are generally slower.

Q5: What's a practical application of this law?
A: It's used in separating isotopes, like uranium-235 from uranium-238 in nuclear fuel production.