1. What is Graham's Law of Effusion?

Definition: Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass or density.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the effusion rate of a second gas based on the effusion rate of a first gas and their respective densities.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Graham's law formula:

Where:

• \( r_2 \) — Rate of effusion of second gas (m³/s)
• \( r_1 \) — Rate of effusion of first gas (m³/s)
• \( d_1 \) — Density of first gas (kg/m³)
• \( d_2 \) — Density of second gas (kg/m³)

Explanation: The effusion rate of the second gas is calculated by dividing the first gas's effusion rate by the square root of the density ratio.

3. Importance of Graham's Law

Details: This law is crucial in gas separation processes, understanding gas behavior, and various industrial applications involving gas diffusion.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the effusion rate of the first gas, density of both gases (all in SI units). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is effusion?
A: Effusion is the process by which gas molecules pass through a tiny hole from one container to another.

Q2: How does density affect effusion rate?
A: Heavier (more dense) gases effuse more slowly than lighter gases at the same temperature.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: Use consistent SI units: m³/s for effusion rates and kg/m³ for densities.

Q4: Can I use molar mass instead of density?
A: Yes, since density is proportional to molar mass for ideal gases at constant temperature and pressure.

Q5: What's a practical application of this law?
A: It's used in uranium enrichment processes and separating isotopes.