Relaxation Time Formula:
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Definition: Relaxation time is the time in which deviation in the concentration of reactant from equilibrium concentration after time becomes 1/e times of the initial concentration.
Purpose: It helps in understanding the kinetics of reversible first-order reactions and how quickly a system returns to equilibrium after perturbation.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The relaxation time is inversely proportional to the sum of the forward and backward rate constants.
Details: Relaxation time measurements provide valuable information about reaction mechanisms and rates in chemical kinetics.
Tips: Enter the forward rate constant and backward rate constant in reciprocal seconds (1/s). All values must be > 0.
Q1: What does a shorter relaxation time indicate?
A: A shorter relaxation time indicates a faster return to equilibrium, meaning the reaction proceeds more quickly in both directions.
Q2: How is relaxation time experimentally determined?
A: It's typically measured using perturbation techniques like temperature jump or pressure jump methods.
Q3: What units are used for the rate constants?
A: Both forward and backward rate constants use reciprocal seconds (1/s) for first-order reactions.
Q4: Can this be used for second-order reactions?
A: No, this formula is specific for reversible first-order reactions. Second-order reactions have different relaxation time expressions.
Q5: What factors affect relaxation time?
A: Temperature, pressure, and the nature of the reacting species all influence relaxation time through their effects on the rate constants.