1. What is Repulsive Interaction?

Definition: Repulsive interaction between atoms acts over a very short range, but is very large when distances are short.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the repulsive energy between particles based on their distance and material properties.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( E_R \) — Repulsive Interaction (Joules)
• \( B \) — Repulsive Interaction Constant
• \( r_0 \) — Distance of Closest Approach (meters)
• \( n_{born} \) — Born Exponent (typically between 5 and 12)

Explanation: The repulsive energy decreases rapidly with increasing distance, following an inverse power law determined by the Born exponent.

3. Importance of Repulsive Interaction Calculation

Details: Understanding repulsive interactions is crucial in materials science, chemistry, and physics for predicting material properties, stability, and behavior at atomic scales.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the repulsive interaction constant, distance of closest approach in meters, and Born exponent (between 5 and 12). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the Born exponent?
A: The Born exponent is a number between 5 and 12 that characterizes how rapidly the repulsive force decreases with distance.

Q2: How is the repulsive interaction constant determined?
A: It's typically determined experimentally or through quantum mechanical calculations for specific materials.

Q3: What's a typical distance of closest approach?
A: This is typically on the order of angstroms (10⁻¹⁰ meters) for atomic interactions.

Q4: Why is the Born exponent range limited to 5-12?
A: This range has been found empirically to describe most materials, with ionic crystals typically having exponents around 8-10.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for all types of particles?
A: The formula is most accurate for ionic compounds, but can be adapted for other interactions with appropriate parameters.