1. What is Residual Current?

Definition: Residual Current is defined as the current that flows in the absence of the depolarizer (i.e. due to the supporting electrolyte).

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the total residual current based on condenser current and faradic current components.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( i_r \) — Residual Current (Amperes)
• \( i_c \) — Condenser Current (Amperes)
• \( i_f \) — Faradic Current (Amperes)

Explanation: The residual current is the sum of the condenser current (due to the formation of Helmholtz double layer) and faradic current (due to traces of impurities).

3. Importance of Residual Current Calculation

Details: Understanding residual current is crucial in electrochemical measurements as it represents the background current that must be accounted for in analytical procedures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both condenser current and faradic current values in amperes. All values must be ≥ 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What causes condenser current?
A: Condenser current is caused by the formation of Helmholtz double layer at the mercury surface.

Q2: What contributes to faradic current?
A: Faradic current is formed due to the traces of impurities in the system.

Q3: How can residual current affect measurements?
A: Residual current creates a background signal that must be subtracted from total current to get the desired analytical signal.

Q4: What are typical values for residual current?
A: Values vary widely depending on the system, but are typically in the microampere to milliampere range.

Q5: How can residual current be minimized?
A: Using purified electrolytes, proper electrode cleaning, and optimized experimental conditions can help minimize residual current.