1. What is Selectivity based on Distribution Coefficients?

Definition: The Selectivity or Separation Factor (β) is defined as the preferential uptake of the solute by the solvent over the carrier.

Purpose: It measures how effectively a solvent can separate a solute from a carrier liquid in extraction processes.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \beta_{C,A} \) — Selectivity or separation factor
• \( K_{Solute} \) — Distribution coefficient of solute
• \( K_{CarrierLiq} \) — Distribution coefficient of carrier liquid

Explanation: The distribution coefficient of solute is divided by the distribution coefficient of carrier liquid to determine the selectivity.

3. Importance of Selectivity Calculation

Details: Higher selectivity values indicate better separation potential in liquid-liquid extraction processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the distribution coefficients for both solute and carrier liquid. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a selectivity value of 1 mean?
A: A value of 1 means no separation occurs - the solute and carrier liquid distribute equally between phases.

Q2: What's considered a good selectivity value?
A: Values significantly greater than 1 (typically > 2) indicate good separation potential.

Q3: How are distribution coefficients determined?
A: Through experimental measurements of concentrations in both phases at equilibrium.

Q4: Can selectivity be less than 1?
A: Yes, this would indicate the carrier liquid is preferentially extracted over the solute.

Q5: Does temperature affect selectivity?
A: Yes, temperature can significantly impact both distribution coefficients and thus selectivity.